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[rpd] RPD Digest, Vol 178, Issue 19
Paul Hjul
hjul.paul at gmail.com
Sat Jul 3 14:41:19 UTC 2021
I am not exactly sure how you anticipate the Internet to work if address
space isn't leased to the controller of an end point.
The last time I checked DHCP is entirely built around leasing - the
allocation of a resource for a definite period of time. Allocation,
assignment and leasing all have quite context relevant specific meanings.
It may help to clearly speak of commercial leasing activity - that is the
allocation of a resource by the holder of the resource in exchange for a
fee as part of commercial activity.
You have still not shown a single place in any policy manual or RFC that
eschews the commercialized use of allocated IP address space by an LIR -
that is where an LIR enables the party who has the (technical lease) leased
IP address space to specifically pay a fee (commercial lease) for the
utilization of the asset which is part of the LIRs resource pool. It is
quite obvious that it has always been the practice that technical leasing
on a non-commercial basis is permissible and it is clear from the by-laws
that Afrinic is not permitted to undertake commercial leasing and that the
by-laws of some members may prohibit the commercial use of resources held
by such a member. However the majority of members are commercial entities
undertaking commercial enterprises. LIRs don't allocate resources on some
administrative determination and claw them back as an when they feel like
there isn't a need. If I pay an ISP for Internet connectivity to include a
public IPv4 address then they can't say "well we decided you didn't need
it".
On Sat, 3 Jul 2021 at 16:14, <rpd-request at afrinic.net> wrote:
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> Today's Topics:
>
> 1. Re: [Community-Discuss] Unaddressed queries by AFRINIC during
> AGMM (Fernando Frediani)
>
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Message: 1
> Date: Sat, 3 Jul 2021 11:13:38 -0300
> From: Fernando Frediani <fhfrediani at gmail.com>
> To: "rpd at afrinic.net" <rpd at afrinic.net>
> Subject: Re: [rpd] [Community-Discuss] Unaddressed queries by AFRINIC
> during AGMM
> Message-ID: <2efb74c0-e010-4c36-12e7-d736bb7cb92d at gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"; Format="flowed"
>
> Not trying to impose anything but trying to explain why this is
> something fundamentally wrong and why IP Leasing is not a valid
> justification for a resourse holder to keep their IP space. Me and other
> people already explained why IP Leasing is wrong but it seems you don't
> wish to accept it. Bottom line is that if that is the staff
> understanding there is nothing you or other members that have interest
> in leasing can do other than try to adjust the rules using the current
> rules to allow that which would be something really difficult to happen.
>
> It is interesting that some same people who engaged in the last
> tentative of Transfer Policy Discussion that would allow legacy resource
> holders to retain their legacy status are now defending that IP Leasing
> it something normal and acceptable. What a coincidence !
>
> Regards
> Fernando
>
> On 03/07/2021 01:22, Ibeanusi Elvis wrote:
> > Hello Fernando
> >
> > I don?t think you?re addressing my questions, rather, you have your
> > set of belief (and we do have our way of thinking, which is fine, but
> > we shouldn?t try to impose our thoughts on others when your say is a
> > ?point of view? rather than ?a fact?) that IP leasing is wrong while
> > overlooking that the fact that there is never a body that prohibits
> > it. I mean, the CPM doesn?t - the law doesn?t - never really does
> > except some sort of people simply ?do not agree? because they think
> > its ?wrong?.
> >
> > The CPM doesn?t -
> > ?If you don't see in the CPM and with the different explanations that
> > have been given here in the discussion I am sorry you failed to
> > understand (maybe because you or other do not wish to understand it).
> > Perhaps you are expecting some specific set of words in the CPM that
> > are not there, but the important part is staff to interpret that IP
> > Leasing means the current resource holder is using the addresses in a
> > different way from what they have been justified initially and
> > resources may be subject to revocation. ? - if the CPM really does,
> > then it shouldn?t be an ?interpretation? or ?explanation? but rather a
> > clear and precise definition that ?IP leasing? is not allowed. In fact
> > what is the actual case is that the CPM, when it?s written, never take
> > into account the situation of IP leasing. It?s just like people are
> > trying to use Victorian laws to interpret modern matters, when the
> > Victorians don?t even have that thing in mind. If I follow your logic,
> > that we keep ?interpretating? the CPM, then I?m sure 100 people will
> > have 100 ways of interpretation. What is at stake here is that we
> > don?t try to label opinions as facts.
> >
> > Additionally, it?s been quite obvious that a number of ?senior?
> > community members have the tendency to think what they say is right,
> > ?but that?s really not the case. The purpose of this community is to
> > give people the ability to express their various opinions and not to
> > dictate or impose their opinions as ?right? on others.
> >
> > Elvis
> >
> > On Sat, Jul 3, 2021 at 7:30 Fernando Frediani <fhfrediani at gmail.com
> > <mailto:fhfrediani at gmail.com>> wrote:
> >
> > Some people seem to try to justify that IP Leasing as something
> > normal "because they need or depend on that" or "because it earns
> > money leasing addresses to other organizations" or "because it is
> > a functional way to bypass the current exhaustion phases of some
> > RIRs". None of that is a justification for something that keeps
> > being wrong. It is not because it works well for some that it has
> > to be something acceptable by the current rules. Depending on IP
> > Leasing does not make it right or acceptable in terms of
> > justification.
> >
> > If you don't see in the CPM and with the different explanations
> > that have been given here in the discussion I am sorry you failed
> > to understand (maybe because you or other do not wish to
> > understand it). Perhaps you are expecting some specific set of
>
> > words in the CPM that are not there, but the important part is
> > staff to interpret that IP Leasing means the current resource
> > holder is using the addresses in a different way from what they
> > have been justified initially and resources may be subject to
> > revocation. Can you justify resources saying you need them because
> > you intend to lease them ? No you can't.
> >
> >
> > Fernando
> >
> > On 02/07/2021 18:49, Ibeanusi Elvis wrote:
> >> Hello Fernando,
> >>
> >> In your previous email, you outlined ?relying on the WRONG
> >> OPTION?. Again, like you?ve been asked, what are you criteria or
> >> justification for what constitutes a ?wrong option?. Also, I
> >> don?t see where the CPM prohibits IP Leasing and based on what
> >> you said earlier, what about the consequences of the end user
> >> losing connectivity?.
> >>
> >> Elvis.
> >>
> >> On Sat, Jul 3, 2021 at 5:28 Fernando Frediani
> >> <fhfrediani at gmail.com <mailto:fhfrediani at gmail.com>> wrote:
> >>
> >> Perhaps you may not be used with the way numbering resources
> >> are allocated and must be used. This is not a simple internal
> >> network usage thing that any company can decide at will.
> >> Anyone holding these resources MUST use them in according to
> >> the current rules and MUST justify and *keep justifying that
> >> usage* permanently in order to be able to keep holding those
> >> resources - which by the way is not something the belongs to
> >> the organization.
> >>
> >> Bizarre is to get resources form the RIR, not use them for
> >> what they have been justified originally and bypass that
> >> justification giving them to allow someone to bypass the
> >> current rules of a RIR.
> >> If any organization is holding resources which it doesn't
> >> justify anymore it either gives it back to AfriNic or
> >> transfer to another organization who have usage and justify
> >> for that.
> >> IP Leasing is a clear way to show the RIR and Community that
> >> resource holder doesn't justify to keep that IP space to
> anymore.
> >>
> >>
> >> Fernando
> >>
> >> On 02/07/2021 15:45, Mimi dy wrote:
> >>> Hi Fernando,
> >>>
> >>> I am wondering what basis do you use to define ?a wrong
> >>> option?? And who gave you, or me or the community the right
> >>> to determine how networks are used? Does the CPM entitle us
> >>> the right to tell a certain company; ?you have the option to
> >>> use Inter RIR transfer policy?? I may have missed that, but
> >>> please point out to me where the CPM gives us ?the right to
> >>> intervene with others and their networks just because we do
> >>> not like it.
> >>> That is just bizarre.
> >>>
> >>> Best,
> >>>
> >>> Le?ven. 2 juil. 2021 ??18:39, Fernando Frediani
> >>> <fhfrediani at gmail.com <mailto:fhfrediani at gmail.com>> a ?crit?:
> >>>
> >>> So they are relying on a wrong option which should never
> >>> have relied.
> >>> If they have needs for IPv4 (as everybody else) and they
> >>> cannot get these addresses directly from the RIR as per
> >>> the current rules which apply equally to everybody they
> >>> have the option to use Inter-RIR transfer policy
> >>> available on all other RIRs.
> >>>
> >>> If these organizations are from outside Africa region
> >>> then it is even worst they grab unused addressed that
> >>> were assigned to a local company to use somewhere else
> >>> out of the region.
> >>>
> >>> Not everything that is useful or convenient to some is
> >>> correct and as such should e stimulated and IP leasing
> >>> mean the current holder doesn't justify for those
> >>> addresses anymore, so either it gives it back to AfriNic
> >>> or transfer them definitely.
> >>>
> >>> Regards
> >>> Fernando
> >>>
> >>> On 02/07/2021 14:29, Mimi dy wrote:
> >>>> Hello Fernando,
> >>>>
> >>>> Many organizations rely on IP Leasing in order to
> >>>> acquire number resources quickly and affordably to meet
> >>>> their current and future needs. It is totally legit,
> >>>> especially during the IPv4 exhaustion phase, where
> >>>> resource scarcity represents a real issue for ISPs and
> >>>> network-holders in AFRINIC's service area.
> >>>> I find it absurd that you are arguing against IP
> >>>> leasing when it is a legal and accurate way to obtain
> >>>> IPs. Indeed, there are some malicious organizations out
> >>>> there misusing leased IPs, but that is certainly not
> >>>> the case for everyone, so no need to generalize.
> >>>> Consequently, you cannot really dismiss IP leasing
> >>>> using weak arguments as such.
> >>>>
> >>>> Since IP leasing is very helpful to numerous entities
> >>>> in the period of shortage of available IP addresses,
> >>>> and is certainly legal, I fail to understand why you
> >>>> are advocating against it.
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>> Best,
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>> Le?ven. 2 juil. 2021 ??16:48, Fernando Frediani
> >>>> <fhfrediani at gmail.com <mailto:fhfrediani at gmail.com>> a
> >>>> ?crit?:
> >>>>
> >>>> Well, like it or not but having a customer that is
> >>>> in the leasing
> >>>> business may effectively change our opinion about
> >>>> some subject, even if
> >>>> personally you wish it may not to.
> >>>>
> >>>> Trying to find an exact 'ipsis literis' word in the
> >>>> CPM that fulfill or
> >>>> not your expectations may not always work. There is
> >>>> always room for some
> >>>> interpretation and staff is the one responsible to
> >>>> do that in this context.
> >>>> For the absurd leasing possibility is very simple:
> >>>> if leasing proposes
> >>>> cannot be used as a justification to receive a new
> >>>> block from the RIR
> >>>> why would it be after you receive it and missuse it
> >>>> for different
> >>>> proposes other than bring connectivity to your
> >>>> customers. In that sense
> >>>> I really hope staff stand strong in revoking
> >>>> resources that are being
> >>>> used for leasing proposes, different from what they
> >>>> have been justified
> >>>> originally and if necessary fight in courts of
> >>>> Mauritius to have that
> >>>> decision preserved.
> >>>>
> >>>> For out of the region usage there have been
> >>>> multiple people who showed
> >>>> that is not currently permitted. Maybe you don't
> >>>> agree with that but
> >>>> bottom line is that is what staff has been
> >>>> interpreting from the current
> >>>> rules backed by what some of us have put here based
> >>>> in previous messages.
> >>>>
> >>>> Want to use AfriNic resources in a different region
> >>>> ? Simply transfer
> >>>> them permanently using the soon-to-come Inter-RIR
> >>>> transfer policy and
> >>>> bound to the rules of the new RIR.
> >>>>
> >>>> Regards
> >>>> Fernando
> >>>>
> >>>> On 02/07/2021 04:46, Owen DeLong via RPD wrote:
> >>>> > Full disclosure: I don?t personally have a dog in
> >>>> this fight. I am personally
> >>>> > agnostic as to whether leasing should or should
> >>>> not be permitted in a
> >>>> > newly developed policy.
> >>>> >
> >>>> > I do have a client that I consult for which is in
> >>>> the leasing business. It is my
> >>>> > opinion that their leasing business is 100%
> >>>> compliant with policy as it is
> >>>> > written and that if the community doesn?t like
> >>>> that fact, the community can
> >>>> > and should certainly amend the policy to rectify
> >>>> the situation.
> >>>> >
> >>>> >> On Jun 29, 2021, at 03:08 , Frank Habicht
> >>>> <geier at geier.ne.tz <mailto:geier at geier.ne.tz>> wrote:
> >>>> >>
> >>>> >> Hi,
> >>>> >>
> >>>> >> On 29/06/2021 12:01, Owen DeLong via RPD wrote:
> >>>> >>> nectivity customers or use out of the region as
> >>>> something "normal and
> >>>> >>> acceptable".
> >>>> >>>
> >>>> >>> Regardless of who does and does not benefit,
> >>>> the reality is that short
> >>>> >>> of an actual government with the ability to
> >>>> enforce its rules using
> >>>> >>> guns and prisons, people who can make a profit
> >>>> are going to do what
> >>>> >>> they are going to do.
> >>>> >> I need to break this down.
> >>>> >> I'm working in my $dayjob for one of those
> >>>> companies that are after
> >>>> >> $profit. What this company _did_ is subscribe to
> >>>> the methods and rules
> >>>> >> of a Mauritius company called AfriNIC, in order
> >>>> to get Internet
> >>>> >> Numbering Resources. And I think many of the
> >>>> AfriNIC members formally
> >>>> >> subscribed to these rules. (And the rules are
> >>>> subject to change
> >>>> >> according to PDP)
> >>>> >>
> >>>> >> These INR are provided to members per need and
> >>>> justification. Relatively
> >>>> >> recently additional rules came into force that
> >>>> limited each allocation
> >>>> >> to maximum /22 - this is how rules can change.
> >>>> >>
> >>>> >> INR are delegated to members that need them
> >>>> themselves, and AfriNIC
> >>>> >> calls these members "End-User" members. They are
> >>>> also delegated to
> >>>> >> members that provide internet access to
> >>>> respective customers, and
> >>>> >> AfriNIC calls these members "LIR" members.
> >>>> > You are close, but the term used in the bylaws is
> >>>> ?open system protocol
> >>>> > network services?. I am not sure why such awkward
> >>>> and broad language
> >>>> > was chosen, but that?s a much broader definition
> >>>> than ?internet access?.
> >>>> >
> >>>> > In the CPM, LIR is defined as ?An IR that
> >>>> receives allocations from an RIR and primarily
> >>>> > assigns address space to 'end-users?. LIRs are
> >>>> generally ISPs. Their customers are other
> >>>> > ISPs and possibly end-users. LIRs must be members
> >>>> of AFRINIC.?
> >>>> >
> >>>> > Again, there?s not a single word in that
> >>>> definition that ties it to connectivity
> >>>> > services or internet access.
> >>>> >
> >>>> >> I believe in all justifications for IPv4, LIR
> >>>> members request/require
> >>>> >> the addresses to address customers, or servers,
> >>>> or VMs that get
> >>>> >> connectivity services from the LIR member. And
> >>>> there is no problem with
> >>>> >> that. LIR is in the business of making profit,
> >>>> providing connectivity,
> >>>> >> hosting servers, services, needs IPs, gets IPs.
> >>>> > Certainly this is the prevalent model, whether or
> >>>> not it is 100% pervasive
> >>>> > I am not sure.
> >>>> >
> >>>> >> There is a big difference to the case where an
> >>>> LIR member
> >>>> >> - has IPv4 address space,
> >>>> >> - is not using it themselves,
> >>>> >> - not for connectivity (or hosting) customers
> >>>> >> and has the IPv4 space used by "customers" that
> >>>> are only getting the
> >>>> >> IPv4 space as a service - sold or leased.
> >>>> > Is there? So long as the customers in question
> >>>> are justifying the space to the
> >>>> > same standards that an end-user applying to the
> >>>> RIR would have to or to the
> >>>> > same standard that would be required if they were
> >>>> also getting connectivity
> >>>> > from the LIR, then what exactly is the difference?
> >>>> >
> >>>> > What if the LIR in question did announce the
> >>>> covering aggregates of space
> >>>> > they leased and provided some minimal
> >>>> connectivity to the customer in question?
> >>>> > Now they meet the definition you?ve provided
> >>>> above, but they?re not actually
> >>>> > moving packets because the more-specific being
> >>>> announced to the customer?s
> >>>> > higher bandwidth providers will win vs. the
> >>>> aggregate.
> >>>> >
> >>>> > Does removing this connectivity fig leaf really
> >>>> change the nature of the
> >>>> > assignment in a meaningful way?
> >>>> >
> >>>> >> Is that the purpose for which the IPv4 space was
> >>>> obtained and justified?
> >>>> > Since I don?t have access to anyone?s IPv4
> >>>> justifications to AFRINIC in a
> >>>> > manner which would allow me to comment publicly,
> >>>> I?m going to skip this
> >>>> > question. Suffice it to say, I can imagine a
> >>>> number of ways in which this
> >>>> > is possible.
> >>>> >
> >>>> >> There are "rules" that say an LIR should notify
> >>>> when use of an IP block
> >>>> >> changes.
> >>>> > Yes. The rules are, however, ambiguous at best
> >>>> and it?s not clear at what
> >>>> > level of detail a ?change? is constituted nor is
> >>>> it clear whether an update
> >>>> > to whois is adequate notification in most
> >>>> circumstances.
> >>>> >
> >>>> >> I see a big difference between changes *within
> >>>> an LIR* and changes to
> >>>> >> *use the IP space outside the AfriNIC member LIR*.
> >>>> > So if I have space that was allocated to my LIR
> >>>> and I assigned it to
> >>>> > customer A who is using the space in their
> >>>> network (technically outside
> >>>> > of my LIR), but then they return the space when
> >>>> they get their own
> >>>> > block and become a BYOA customer, my assigning
> >>>> that space to customer
> >>>> > B for their use on their network (also outside my
> >>>> LIR) becomes a problem
> >>>> > or change in the usage exactly why?
> >>>> >
> >>>> >> With the first, I consider it generally accepted
> >>>> that justification remains.
> >>>> >> With the latter, I believe that the *LIR that
> >>>> subscribed to AfriNIC
> >>>> >> rules* has shown to no longer have the
> >>>> justification for these IPs for
> >>>> >> connectivity and hosting, including "PA" customers.
> >>>> > What if the justification in question was not
> >>>> ?connectivity and hosting??
> >>>> >
> >>>> > What if the justification was ?Numbering hosts on
> >>>> customer networks??
> >>>> >
> >>>> >> The reason for doing the latter is obviously
> >>>> $profit, and yes - some "
> >>>> >> are going to do what they are going to do ".
> >>>> > The reason for the former was obviously profit,
> >>>> too. Nobody is in business
> >>>> > to subsidize the benefits of others without
> >>>> making a profit.
> >>>> >
> >>>> >> And what this community allows them to get away
> >>>> with.
> >>>> > It?s not so much a question of ?get away with? as
> >>>> ?what the rules actually
> >>>> > say? from my perspective. You may wish to argue
> >>>> that the intent or even
> >>>> > the clear intent of the community is something
> >>>> else, but in reality, for rules to be
> >>>> > useful, one must consider what the rules actually
> >>>> say, and not the current
> >>>> > popular interpretation of intent around the rules.
> >>>> >
> >>>> > Making it up as we go along has become somewhat
> >>>> of an AFRINIC tradition
> >>>> > at this point, seemingly both in the staff
> >>>> actions and in the board, PDWG,
> >>>> > community, and various committees.
> >>>> >
> >>>> > There?s also a pretty strong history of doing so
> >>>> being the source of a great
> >>>> > many problems, so I continue to hope that we can
> >>>> learn from those mistakes
> >>>> > and start actually following the rules as they
> >>>> are written and making the
> >>>> > changes necessary through the proper processes
> >>>> when the rules do not
> >>>> > meet the perceived needs of the current situation.
> >>>> >
> >>>> >> To be Frank: I simply don't believe that
> >>>> >> AS212552 "BitCommand" in Armenia gets IP
> >>>> connectivity services from
> >>>> >> ... you know who.
> >>>> > Honestly, I don?t know who, but it?s easy enough
> >>>> to look up:
> >>>> >
> >>>> > https://bgp.he.net/AS212552#_irr
> >>>> <https://bgp.he.net/AS212552#_irr>
> >>>> >
> >>>> > Says that they get apparent transit from AS64515
> >>>> and AS24940.
> >>>> >
> >>>> > This seems to be borne out by
> >>>> https://bgp.he.net/AS212552#_graph4
> >>>> <https://bgp.he.net/AS212552#_graph4>
> >>>> >
> >>>> >> In other continents / RIRs the IPv4 space is
> >>>> finished. Noone has any
> >>>> >> hope of justifying any with the RIR. Some have
> >>>> more than they need -
> >>>> >> give or sell it to others that have "a need" and
> >>>> the market can probably
> >>>> >> regulate that.
> >>>> > ARIN is still issuing /24s under NRPM section
> >>>> 4.10, so that?s not entirely
> >>>> > correct.
> >>>> >
> >>>> >> But AfriNIC still has and is distributing IPv4 -
> >>>> should it do so by
> >>>> >> "whoever pays most" or "everyone according to
> >>>> their need [upto a /22
> >>>> >> ;-)]". Has it given IPv4 resources to members
> >>>> according to their
> >>>> >> respective (perceived) needs???
> >>>> >>
> >>>> >> Wasn't one of the rules that the LIR was to use
> >>>> the IPs for the
> >>>> >> connectivity (or hosting) services?
> >>>> > I?ve reviewed the bylaws, the RSA, and the CPM
> >>>> pretty carefully. I couldn?t
> >>>> > find a connectivity requirement other than one
> >>>> that calls for the numbers
> >>>> > to be ?routed on the internet? (which, btw, is a
> >>>> unique requirement in
> >>>> > AFRINIC not present in other RIRs).
> >>>> >
> >>>> >> Are the rules still applicable?
> >>>> > The rules still apply as written, but that?s the
> >>>> real sticking point. Do we
> >>>> > want to focus on the common perception of what we
> >>>> think the rules
> >>>> > say (as you have done above) or do we want to
> >>>> review the rules as
> >>>> > they are written and call for the enforcement of
> >>>> those rules according
> >>>> > to a plain text interpretation of their actual
> >>>> content?
> >>>> >
> >>>> >> bit more below...
> >>>> >>
> >>>> >>> I?m not particularly happy about this reality,
> >>>> but I do recognize that
> >>>> >>> it is, in fact, reality and I?m not in favor of
> >>>> giving RIRs guns or
> >>>> >>> the ability to incarcerate people. Contracts
> >>>> only get you so far and
> >>>> >>> clever people can always find ways to comply
> >>>> with the letter of a
> >>>> >>> contract while circumventing the other party's
> >>>> intent if they want to
> >>>> >>> try hard enough.
> >>>> >>>
> >>>> >>> So no, these are not ?nice words?, they are the
> >>>> recognition of
> >>>> >>> unpleasant and inconvenient truths that like it
> >>>> or not, we are faced
> >>>> >>> with new realities, economic, technical, and
> legal.
> >>>> >> Is one of these realities that an LIR got
> >>>> resources from AfriNIC for
> >>>> >> providing connectivity (or hosting) services,
> >>>> and now these are no
> >>>> >> longer in place?
> >>>> > I have no knowledge of such a situation, but in
> >>>> truth I have not read
> >>>> > the original justification for the space issued
> >>>> to the LIR I think you
> >>>> > are referring to.
> >>>> >
> >>>> >>> In many countries legal frameworks the lack of
> >>>> a transfer policy
> >>>> >>> allowing registrants to monetize the transfer
> >>>> of their registrations
> >>>> >>> could be considered either restraint of trade or
> an
> >>>> >>> anti-trust/anti-competitive matter.
> >>>> >> the fact is that these numbers should be unique
> >>>> and centrally managed.
> >>>> >> These anti-trust lawyers can send a better
> >>>> proposal for managing them.
> >>>> > The ability to sell one?s registration to another
> >>>> does not in any way impinge
> >>>> > the central management of numbers for uniqueness.
> >>>> >
> >>>> >> The question is whether "according to need" or
> >>>> "according to whoever
> >>>> >> offers more $$".
> >>>> > This assumes that monetized transfers and/or
> >>>> leasing cannot be done
> >>>> > on the basis of need, which is a false premise.
> >>>> To the best of my knowledge,
> >>>> > Larus is quite scrupulous and detailed in
> >>>> collecting need justification from
> >>>> > customers prior to issuing addresses to them.
> >>>> That is certainly the written
> >>>> > company policy and has been the case with each
> >>>> and every recipient
> >>>> > case I have been involved with in my consulting
> >>>> for them.
> >>>> >
> >>>> >> Should I be allowed to "buy" a /16 from AfriNIC,
> >>>> put it in a safe, sell
> >>>> >> it 3 years later for $profit ???
> >>>> > No. The rules prohibit you putting it in a safe
> >>>> and not routing it. Also, you
> >>>> > aren?t buying the /16, you are paying a fee for
> >>>> the service of recording and
> >>>> > maintaining the registration of the space. You
> >>>> can?t sell the integers, but
> >>>> > selling the registration of the integers has
> >>>> become common practice
> >>>> > worldwide whether you like it or not.
> >>>> >
> >>>> >> Is that the purpose for which AfriNIC got the
> >>>> /8's from IANA?
> >>>> > Things have changed since the IANA was issuing
> >>>> /8s. The world has changed.
> >>>> > Many of the /8s were issued by the IANA in order
> >>>> to support Email, FTP, and
> >>>> > NNTP. I suspect there are very few servers
> >>>> running FTP or NNTP these days,
> >>>> > and while EMAIL is still a pervasive technology
> >>>> (for better or worse), it is not
> >>>> > a significant fraction of internet traffic.
> >>>> >
> >>>> > Very few of the /8s issued by IANA were issued
> >>>> during a time when streaming
> >>>> > video could have been considered as a purpose for
> >>>> issuing them, yet today
> >>>> > it is probably the largest consumer of bandwidth
> >>>> on the internet by far.
> >>>> >
> >>>> > Should we require all of the RIRs that have
> >>>> issued space to Netflix after
> >>>> > IANA runout to reclaim and return that space to
> >>>> IANA and rejustify it because
> >>>> > streaming video was not the purpose for which it
> >>>> was issued?
> >>>> >
> >>>> > I think not.
> >>>> >
> >>>> >> PS: all or most questions are serious. answers
> >>>> will help.
> >>>> > All of the answers were serious as well. I?d
> >>>> expect nothing less from
> >>>> > someone of your stature in the community.
> >>>> >
> >>>> > I hope the answers are helpful.
> >>>> >
> >>>> > Owen
> >>>> >
> >>>> >
> >>>> > _______________________________________________
> >>>> > RPD mailing list
> >>>> > RPD at afrinic.net <mailto:RPD at afrinic.net>
> >>>> > https://lists.afrinic.net/mailman/listinfo/rpd
> >>>> <https://lists.afrinic.net/mailman/listinfo/rpd>
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>> _______________________________________________
> >>>> RPD mailing list
> >>>> RPD at afrinic.net <mailto:RPD at afrinic.net>
> >>>> https://lists.afrinic.net/mailman/listinfo/rpd
> >>>> <https://lists.afrinic.net/mailman/listinfo/rpd>
> >>>>
> >>> _______________________________________________
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> >>> RPD at afrinic.net <mailto:RPD at afrinic.net>
> >>> https://lists.afrinic.net/mailman/listinfo/rpd
> >>> <https://lists.afrinic.net/mailman/listinfo/rpd>
> >>>
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> >> https://lists.afrinic.net/mailman/listinfo/rpd
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> >>
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