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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Dear Hendrik and colleagues,</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Thank you for collecting the questions. I will answer them directly.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b>1. The two-object case</b></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Where two independent IRR sources publish the same flat AS-SET name, tooling should not silently merge them
or guess which one the operator intended. The query should be bound to an explicitly selected source, or the tool should stop and report the ambiguity.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">That safeguard is required whether this proposal passes or not. The proposal leaves existing objects untouched,
so the AS-GOOGLE example will remain ambiguous after implementation. It therefore cannot be presented as the remedy to that live case. It is a prospective naming restriction, not a complete solution to cross-IRR resolution.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b>2. Squatting remedy</b></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">This proposal creates no mechanism for removing a squatted object from a database AFRINIC does not control.
Where the remote database’s rules have been breached, the affected party must use that database operator’s dispute or abuse process.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Where no removal right exists, consumers must treat the IRR source and object name together as the object’s
identity, rather than assuming that an unqualified name is globally unique. The absence of a universal takedown mechanism is an architectural problem. An AFRINIC creation rule cannot manufacture authority over every other IRR.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b>3. Does the proposal provide an improvement?</b></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Yes, narrowly. It would reduce future flat-name collisions in the AFRINIC database and improve attribution for
newly created objects.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">That does not settle the policy question. A change can be useful while binding policy remains the wrong instrument.
The issue is whether the same improvement can be implemented operationally, as it largely is elsewhere, without enlarging the permanent policy layer.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b>4. The evidence bar</b></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">The threshold is not a magic number of incidents. One serious incident may be sufficient if the causal chain
is demonstrated.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">For an incident to justify this proposal, proponents should show that:</span></p>
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<li style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
the harm resulted from creation of a flat AS-SET in the AFRINIC database;</li><li style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
the proposal, as written, would have prevented it;</li><li style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
an operational implementation or source-aware, fail-closed tooling would not provide the same protection;</li><li style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
and the expected benefit, remaining risks, and success criteria are defined.</li></ul>
<p><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">The AS-GOOGLE case does not satisfy the second point because the proposal leaves that existing object untouched.
The AS-AMAZON incident should likewise be mapped to the actual text and scope of this proposal, not merely cited by name. Adoption by four RIRs demonstrates feasibility and institutional preference. It does not, by itself, prove that binding policy is the
necessary instrument for AFRINIC.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b>5. The Impact Assessment</b></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">I do not dispute the findings that implementation may have minimal direct member impact and no identified legal
or financial issue.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">My concern is what the assessment does not answer. It does not establish why policy is required rather than
a transparent operational change. It does not resolve existing collisions, define safe multi-source consumer behaviour, measure the expected reduction in harm, or provide review criteria if the claimed benefit does not materialise.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">An implementation may be easy and still be unnecessary as binding policy. Ease of enforcement is not the same
as justification for enforcement.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b>6. Capacity</b></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">I participate in my individual capacity. I do not claim to represent an organisation or resource member.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">That disclosure provides context. It does not turn the policy process into a headcount or make organisational
affiliation a condition for having a technical or policy concern considered.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">These answers narrow the disagreement. I accept that hierarchical naming offers a limited operational benefit.
I do not accept the leap from limited benefit to mandatory policy, particularly when the cited live collision remains unresolved by the proposal and the same technical outcome may be achieved through an accountable operational implementation.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">The proper test is not simply whether the working group can create a rule. It is whether the rule is necessary
in the mandatory common layer and whether it is the minimum instrument required by running networks.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, -apple-system, Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">On that basis, I remain opposed to AFPUB-2026-ASN-001-DRAFT02.</span></p>
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Regards, </div>
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Tshepo</div>
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