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    <p>I prefer we use the phrase "Underground Market"as against "Black
      Market".</p>
    <p><br>
    </p>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 01/06/2020 7:23 pm, JORDI PALET
      MARTINEZ via RPD wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite"
      cite="mid:D0216143-0370-41FC-8291-3D31DAB4DFAB@consulintel.es">
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        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"
            lang="EN-US">We have failed on this, and not just in Africa.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"
            lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"
            lang="EN-US">We have invested a lot in training engineers,
            but we haven’t reached decision makers in a way that
            convince them sufficiently to take the decision. Some years
            ago, it was not so easy to probe the point about the cost
            savings, because we were advocating for dual-stack. But
            dual-stack is no longer a possible long-term strategy, and
            now it shows that IPv6-only is much cheaper and possible
            (IPv6-only transition is “relatively” new).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black" lang="EN-US">Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span
              style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"
              lang="EN-US">Jordi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span
              style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"
              lang="EN-US">@jordipalet<o:p></o:p></span></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span
              style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"
              lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"
            lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"
            lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">El 1/6/20
              19:45, "Kangamutima zabika Christophe" <<a
                href="mailto:funga.roho@yandex.com"
                moz-do-not-send="true">funga.roho@yandex.com</a>>
              escribió:<o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"><o:p> </o:p></p>
        </div>
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          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">+
            community-discuss@<o:p></o:p></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">Owen et Noah.<o:p></o:p></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">Est ce que
            depuis toutes ces années où Afrinic fait une sensibilisation
            massive sur la migration à IPV6 Afrinic s'est-il posé la
            question la raison de la FORTE RETICENCE de grands
            opérateurs téléphoniques (principaux fournisseurs actuels à
            travers l'internet mobile ). Parcequ'à mon avis si le
            maintien de l'essentiel de l'infrastructure d'un opérateur
            comme Airtel, MTN ou Orange dans IPV4 lui couterait plus
            cher, ils auraient déjà migré sans qu'Afrinic ne leur
            rappelle à tout moment. Afrinic a déjà mené des formations,
            des atéliers en tout genre plus de 30 pays africains mais
            très peu ont véritablement basculé au IPV6. Je pense que la
            méthode coercitive la bonne (incitation ou obligation des
            régulateurs, etc.). Il suffirait d'avoir un argumentaire
            pertinent, présenté des avantages (tant techniques
            qu'économiques) et retombées évidentes pour les opérateurs
             de téléphonie, et FAI opérant en Afrique pour qu'ils
            l'adoptent dans l'ensemble. Tant qu'on se borne sur les
            memes arguments qui ont démontré leur faiblesse depuis plus
            d'une décennie rien ne changera.<o:p></o:p></p>
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          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
        </div>
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          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">KANGAMUTIMA<o:p></o:p></p>
        </div>
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          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
        </div>
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          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
        </div>
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          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
        </div>
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          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">01.06.2020,
            05:13, "Owen DeLong" <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:owen@delong.com"><owen@delong.com></a>:<o:p></o:p></p>
        </div>
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            <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">The
                opinions below are mine and mine alone. They are not
                official positions of any organization I may be
                affiliated with…(Several of which probably prefer I not
                post them)<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
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              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
              <blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">On May
                    31, 2020, at 14:37 , Noah <<a
                      href="mailto:noah@neo.co.tz"
                      moz-do-not-send="true">noah@neo.co.tz</a>>
                    wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
                </div>
                <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                <div>
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                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                  style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"
                                style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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                                  <p class="MsoNormal"
                                    style="margin-left:35.4pt">On Sun,
                                    May 31, 2020 at 10:02 PM Owen DeLong
                                    <<a href="mailto:owen@delong.com"
                                      moz-do-not-send="true">owen@delong.com</a>>
                                    wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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                                    <p class="MsoNormal"
                                      style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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                                      <p class="MsoNormal"
                                        style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                      <blockquote
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                                          <p class="MsoNormal"
                                            style="margin-left:35.4pt">On
                                            May 31, 2020, at 11:40 ,
                                            Noah <<a
                                              href="mailto:noah@neo.co.tz"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">noah@neo.co.tz</a>>
                                            wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
                                        </div>
                                      </blockquote>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                </blockquote>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                  style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                  style="margin-left:35.4pt">See
                                  inline....<o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal"
                                    style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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                                                      <p
                                                        class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span
                                                          style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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                                                      <p
                                                        class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span
                                                          style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica">We
                                                          were not faced
                                                          with a choice
                                                          between
                                                          “Implement
                                                          transfer
                                                          markets or
                                                          not.” We were
                                                          faced with a
                                                          choice of
                                                          “Recognize
                                                          transfer
                                                          markets and<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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                                                      <p
                                                        class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span
                                                          style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica">regulate
                                                          them or ensure
                                                          that they are
                                                          black markets
                                                          and that the
                                                          RIR system and
                                                          its IPv4
                                                          policies
                                                          become
                                                          irrelevant to
                                                          the actual
                                                          operation of<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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                                                      <p
                                                        class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span
                                                          style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica">the
                                                          internet.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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                                              <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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                                              <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica">And black markets still
                                                  exist nonetheless (a
                                                  failure of responsible
                                                  audits and
                                                  accountability)
                                                  irrespective of
                                                  existing transfer
                                                  markets imho.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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                                        <p class="MsoNormal"
                                          style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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                                      <p class="MsoNormal"
                                        style="margin-left:35.4pt">Most
                                        of the places where black
                                        markets exist with any
                                        significance are places with
                                        unreasonably restrictive
                                        transfer policies. It’s not so
                                        much a failure of responsible
                                        audits and<o:p></o:p></p>
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                                      <p class="MsoNormal"
                                        style="margin-left:35.4pt">accountability
                                        as a failure of policy to adapt
                                        to reality.<o:p></o:p></p>
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                                </blockquote>
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                                  <p class="MsoNormal"
                                    style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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                                  <p class="MsoNormal"
                                    style="margin-left:35.4pt">The
                                    AfriNIC region has an IPv4 transfer
                                    within the AfriNIC region policy
                                    [link 1]  where under section 5.7
                                    there are provisions that permit
                                    transfers of IPv4 address space
                                    within Africa, therefore one would
                                    not claim that there are
                                    unreasonable restrictions.<o:p></o:p></p>
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                      </div>
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                  </div>
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              </blockquote>
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                <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
              </div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">This
                depends on your definition of reasonable restrictions, I
                suppose.<o:p></o:p></p>
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              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
              <blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
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                                  <p class="MsoNormal"
                                    style="margin-left:35.4pt">But if
                                    responsible audits were to be
                                    attempted to ensure compliance and
                                    accountability that would go to
                                    resolve the apparent black market.<o:p></o:p></p>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                            </div>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </blockquote>
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                <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
              </div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">Would it?
                I can think of several ways to legitimately transfer the
                use of addresses without necessarily transferring or
                altering the registration at AfriNIC, none of which
                would be a violation of AfriNIC policies as currently
                written.<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">My
                definition of a black market is any effective transfer
                which is not recorded in the RIR database.<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
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              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">Perhaps
                your definition is any effective transfer which violates
                policy.<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">Those are
                very different definitions. The former will not be
                prevented or addressed in any effective way through
                auditing. The latter is a much narrower definition, and
                would only catch people incapable of minimal creative
                thought.<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
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              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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              <blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
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                                      <p class="MsoNormal"
                                        style="margin-left:35.4pt">People
                                        are seeing the current overly
                                        restrictive transfer policy in
                                        the AfriNIC region as damage and
                                        routing around it.<o:p></o:p></p>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                </blockquote>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal"
                                    style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                </div>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal"
                                    style="margin-left:35.4pt">Well the
                                    AfriNIC Bylaws [link 2] Section 3
                                    [Objectives of the Company], sub
                                    section (iii) below ensures;<br>
                                    <br>
                                    <strong><span
                                        style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">(iii)
                                        to promote responsible
                                        management of Internet resources
                                        throughout the African region,
                                        as well as the responsible
                                        development and operation of
                                        Internet infrastructures;</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p>
                                </div>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal"
                                    style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                </div>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal"
                                    style="margin-left:35.4pt">Surely,
                                    AfriNIC as a company can not just 
                                    forget its own responsibility as
                                    bestowed to her in the Bylaws. The
                                    people who are seeing this as overly
                                    restrictive should understand that
                                    we can not break our own rules/laws
                                    and I don't see how such
                                    restrictions are a damage if they
                                    are meant to ensure that number
                                    resources within the AfriNIC region
                                    are put to good use for the purpose
                                    they were requested for in order to
                                    develop the Internet in Africa.<o:p></o:p></p>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                            </div>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </blockquote>
              <div>
                <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
              </div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">I’m not
                suggesting that they should. We have agreed to disagree
                on what constitutes compliance with that requirement in
                the past. I see no reason that will change in the
                foreseeable future.<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
              <blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
                <div>
                  <div>
                    <div>
                      <div>
                        <div>
                          <div>
                            <div>
                              <blockquote
                                style="border:none;border-left:solid
                                #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm
                                6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0cm">
                                <div>
                                  <div>
                                    <blockquote
                                      style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
                                      <div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div>
                                            <blockquote
                                              style="border:none;border-left:solid
                                              #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0cm
                                              0cm 0cm
                                              6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0cm">
                                              <div>
                                                <div>
                                                  <blockquote
                                                    style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
                                                    <div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span
                                                          style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica">So
                                                          now we have
                                                          folks with
                                                          capital
                                                          spending most
                                                          of their
                                                          energy moving
                                                          IPv4 address
                                                          space all over
                                                          the place
                                                          since its a
                                                          currency that
                                                          ensures
                                                          serious
                                                          economic
                                                          benefits. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                    </div>
                                                  </blockquote>
                                                  <div>
                                                    <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span
                                                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                  </div>
                                                  <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                    style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica">If you know of a way to
                                                      stop this, I’m all
                                                      ears.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                </div>
                                              </div>
                                            </blockquote>
                                          </div>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"
                                            style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"
                                            style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica">Impossible to stop
                                              economic activities. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                    </blockquote>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"
                                        style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                    </div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"
                                      style="margin-left:35.4pt">Thus,
                                      we felt it was better in the ARIN
                                      region to provide reasonable
                                      accommodation while still
                                      preserving useful aspects of
                                      regulation. I think we have
                                      achieved<o:p></o:p></p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"
                                      style="margin-left:35.4pt">a good
                                      balance there and that there’s
                                      relatively little black market
                                      movement of IPv4 resources in the
                                      ARIN region which has also made it
                                      possible to have<o:p></o:p></p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"
                                      style="margin-left:35.4pt">better
                                      accountability (for example the
                                      recent reclamation of a large
                                      quantity of improperly transferred
                                      address space).<o:p></o:p></p>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </blockquote>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                  style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                  style="margin-left:35.4pt">What works
                                  in ARIN may not necessarily work in
                                  the AfrNIC region but there are
                                  currently some policy proposals the
                                  working group are looking at within
                                  AfriNIC. We shall see how that goes as
                                  we adhere to our Bylaws.<o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                            </div>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </blockquote>
              <div>
                <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
              </div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">Sure…
                Conversely, however, just because it’s Africa doesn’t
                necessarily mean that what works elsewhere won’t work
                there. Far more similarities exist than differences.<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
              <blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
                <div>
                  <div>
                    <div>
                      <div>
                        <div>
                          <div>
                            <div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                  style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                              <blockquote
                                style="border:none;border-left:solid
                                #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm
                                6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0cm">
                                <div>
                                  <div>
                                    <blockquote
                                      style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
                                      <div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"
                                            style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div>
                                            <blockquote
                                              style="border:none;border-left:solid
                                              #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0cm
                                              0cm 0cm
                                              6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0cm">
                                              <div>
                                                <div>
                                                  <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                    style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica">Faced with the business
                                                      externalities that
                                                      they are, they
                                                      really have no
                                                      choice but to try<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                </div>
                                                <div>
                                                  <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                    style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica">and acquire enough IPv4 to
                                                      support customer
                                                      demand for as long
                                                      as possible. I can
                                                      assure you that
                                                      each of them would
                                                      love to see
                                                      customer demand
                                                      for IPv4 go away.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                </div>
                                              </div>
                                            </blockquote>
                                          </div>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"
                                            style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"
                                            style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica">Hence my point that both
                                              shall co-exist for years.
                                              So we cant devalue IPv4 in
                                              an attempt to promote IPv6
                                              and this is why
                                              responsible management of
                                              IPv4 space must be
                                              ensured.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                    </blockquote>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"
                                        style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"
                                      style="margin-left:35.4pt">Nobody
                                      said that devaluing IPv4 was a way
                                      to promote IPv6… We said that
                                      deploying IPv6 would devalue IPv4.<o:p></o:p></p>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </blockquote>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                  style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                  style="margin-left:35.4pt">Ok
                                  understood, but my point was that the
                                  deployment of IPv6 is not a clear cut
                                  process as folks seem to suggest since
                                  the decisions are internal for each
                                  entity.<o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                            </div>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </blockquote>
              <div>
                <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
              </div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">Oh, it is
                a clear cut process. The timetable is unclear because
                each entity gets to implement on their own schedule, but
                the process is very clear cut and the sooner more
                entities do deploy IPv6, the better for everyone else.<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">Nonetheless,
                regardless of the timeframe, the fact remains that the
                best and most effective way to devalue IPv4 is to deploy
                IPv6.<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
              <blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
                <div>
                  <div>
                    <div>
                      <div>
                        <div>
                          <div>
                            <div>
                              <blockquote
                                style="border:none;border-left:solid
                                #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm
                                6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0cm">
                                <div>
                                  <div>
                                    <blockquote
                                      style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
                                      <div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div>
                                            <blockquote
                                              style="border:none;border-left:solid
                                              #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0cm
                                              0cm 0cm
                                              6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0cm">
                                              <div>
                                                <div>
                                                  <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                    style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica">OTOH, IPv6 is available to
                                                      the vast majority
                                                      of eyeballs in the
                                                      US. Comcast has
                                                      100% IPv6
                                                      coverage, as do
                                                      most of the major
                                                      cellular carriers.
                                                      AIUI, the other
                                                      major<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                </div>
                                                <div>
                                                  <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                    style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica">eyeball ISPs in the US are
                                                      fast approaching
                                                      that.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                </div>
                                              </div>
                                            </blockquote>
                                          </div>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"
                                            style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"
                                            style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica">One can attribute
                                              different factors to such
                                              outcomes beyond just the
                                              US.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                    </blockquote>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"
                                        style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                    </div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"
                                      style="margin-left:35.4pt">I cited
                                      the US as an example because it is
                                      the market with which I have the
                                      greatest familiarity. If you want
                                      another good example outside of
                                      the US, look at the current rate
                                      of IPv6 adoption around India.<o:p></o:p></p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"
                                      style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"
                                      style="margin-left:35.4pt">Globally,
                                      Google is seeing more than 30% of
                                      their traffic via IPv6. The prime
                                      laggards according to their map
                                      are northern Asia, Russia,
                                      Greenland, the Middle East, and
                                      the vast majority of Africa.<o:p></o:p></p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"
                                      style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"
                                      style="margin-left:35.4pt">In
                                      fact, Africa is by far, the least
                                      deployed continent for IPv6, with
                                      notable exceptions in Togo and
                                      Gabon and problematic deployments
                                      in Kenya and Burundi.<o:p></o:p></p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"
                                      style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"
                                      style="margin-left:35.4pt">I think
                                      you will see spontaneous
                                      deployment of IPv6 across China in
                                      the near future. Being as all the
                                      major ISPs in China are
                                      essentially one organization owned
                                      by the government, when the
                                      mandate finally comes,
                                      implementation and deployment will
                                      be quite rapid.<o:p></o:p></p>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </blockquote>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                  style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                  style="margin-left:35.4pt">I like the
                                  "you will see spontaneous deployment
                                  of IPv6" part of your response but
                                  IPv4 is still useful for a while.<o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                            </div>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </blockquote>
              <div>
                <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
              </div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">Nobody
                said it wasn’t.<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">Nonetheless,
                it is a fact that IPv4 is:<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">+
                Increasing in cost both acquisition cost and operational
                cost.<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">+
                Decreasing in functionality<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">+ At some
                point will be capable of reaching a declining subset of
                the full internet.<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
              <blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
                <div>
                  <div>
                    <div>
                      <div>
                        <div>
                          <div>
                            <div>
                              <blockquote
                                style="border:none;border-left:solid
                                #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm
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                                    <blockquote
                                      style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
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                                            <blockquote
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                                                  <blockquote
                                                    style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
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                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span
                                                          style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica">Atleast
                                                          this is how I
                                                          see it.
                                                          Capitalism at
                                                          its best.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                    </div>
                                                  </blockquote>
                                                  <div>
                                                    <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span
                                                        style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                  </div>
                                                  <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                    style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica">Or one of the finest
                                                      examples of how
                                                      capitalism is
                                                      nearly as flawed
                                                      as the
                                                      alternatives.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                                </div>
                                              </div>
                                            </blockquote>
                                          </div>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"
                                            style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"
                                            style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica">No system is perfect after
                                              all.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                    </blockquote>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"
                                        style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                    </div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"
                                      style="margin-left:35.4pt">Agreed…
                                      But people love to tout th
                                      failures of socialism while often
                                      ignoring those same failures in a
                                      different form in capitalism.<o:p></o:p></p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"
                                      style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"
                                      style="margin-left:35.4pt">In
                                      socialism, the lack of reward for
                                      effort and the lack of incentive
                                      to rise above is cited quite
                                      often.<o:p></o:p></p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"
                                      style="margin-left:35.4pt">In
                                      capitalism, the failure to tie
                                      reward and/or incentive to a
                                      greater good is mostly overlooked.
                                      The concept of perverse incentives
                                      occasionally gets mentioned, but
                                      usually in arguing for
                                      deregulation which often
                                      exacerbates the most harmful
                                      perverse incentives.<o:p></o:p></p>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </blockquote>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                  style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                  style="margin-left:35.4pt">The take
                                  away for me is that both have pros and
                                  cons however, for any industry to
                                  thrive in either systems,
                                  raw-materials are extremely important
                                  since they form part of the means of
                                  production. Textile factories in both
                                  a socialist and capitalist systems
                                  would still require Cotton as a raw
                                  material.<o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                            </div>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </blockquote>
              <div>
                <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
              </div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">A textile
                factory can use cotton. In many cases, it can also use
                polyester, rayon, dacron, nylon, hemp, wool, or a
                variety of other fibers. In Uganda, textiles have been
                made of fibers from tree bark.<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">There are
                many alternatives and if Cotton became scarce and
                expensive, most textile production would shift to other
                materials rather rapidly.<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
                <div>
                  <div>
                    <div>
                      <div>
                        <div>
                          <div>
                            <div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                  style="margin-left:35.4pt">In our case
                                  within the Internet Industry, IPv4
                                  addresses (just like IPv6) are the
                                  scarce resources which form part of
                                  the means of production for the final
                                  service the Internet. As such,
                                  responsible management of INR is akeen
                                  to the promotion and development of
                                  the Internet Industry in Africa which
                                  so many on the continent have come to
                                  rely on to sell their labor, research
                                  & education, economic activities,
                                  social life etc.<o:p></o:p></p>
                              </div>
                            </div>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </blockquote>
              <div>
                <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
              </div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">In our
                case, IPv4 and IPv6 are both raw materials. In an ideal
                world, by now, they would be functional equivalents and
                could be used interchangeably.<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">Unfortunately,
                that ship has sailed and we are where we are. As such,
                the textile comparison fails because we have cotton and
                wool, but currently only 40% of the population can wear
                wool, while 100% of the population can wear cotton, but
                we only have enough cotton to make garments for 1/5th of
                the worlds population, thus every person wanting to wear
                a cotton garment must share that garment with at least 4
                other strangers.<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">Owen<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
          </div>
          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">,<o:p></o:p></p>
          <p style="margin-left:35.4pt">_______________________________________________<br>
            RPD mailing list<br>
            <a href="mailto:RPD@afrinic.net" moz-do-not-send="true">RPD@afrinic.net</a><br>
            <a href="https://lists.afrinic.net/mailman/listinfo/rpd"
              moz-do-not-send="true">https://lists.afrinic.net/mailman/listinfo/rpd</a><o:p></o:p></p>
        </blockquote>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">-- <o:p></o:p></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">Christophe
            KANGAMUTIMA ZABIKA<o:p></o:p></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"> <o:p></o:p></p>
        </div>
        <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">_______________________________________________
          RPD mailing list <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:RPD@afrinic.net">RPD@afrinic.net</a>
          <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://lists.afrinic.net/mailman/listinfo/rpd">https://lists.afrinic.net/mailman/listinfo/rpd</a> <o:p></o:p></p>
      </div>
      <br>
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      <pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap="">_______________________________________________
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</pre>
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