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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Hi Walu,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I need to start this email stating that I write entirely in my personal capacity here, and the views represented here are not those of any current or former employers and/or clients.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>As the ex CTO of TENET for 6 years, I need to disagree with what you said below for the following reasons.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>a.)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>There is no financial incentive to get IP space through an NREN, in fact, the reverse is true. NREN space is automatically LIR space, the LIR fees are vastly different to those of PI fees, and an NREN, being a non-profit organization has to recover its costs from its member base. Hence, if an institution chooses to apply for space via an NREN, the NREN has to recover the LIR fees from the institution and the financial viability disappears. The academic discounts applied by AfriNIC apply to both NREN’s and direct academic applications (as well they should), and PI space is simply far cheaper.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>b.)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>While NREN’s are typically the primary means of access for many universities, many universities also choose to multi-home. This cannot happen without PI space and/or de-aggregation of the NREN space. It would force the NREN to allow institutions that multi-home to announce subsets of aggregated space under the institutions ASN. This multi-homing is becoming more and more of a reality, and I have actually seen two separate audit reports for universities where the auditors are starting to demand it (in the same way they demand redundancy on critical IT infrastructure on the server level). I know of institutions in both South Africa and Tanzania that also do this form of multi-homing<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>c.)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Institutions are looking at peering directly at IXP’s primarily for collaboration on research projects with commercial entities, where such point to point links are mandatory, this requires non-LIR space.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>d.)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>The provision of commodity internet access by NREN’s, while common, is not a universally accepted model. It is currently the model in place in both KENET and TENET and most of the African NREN’s, however there is no guarantee this will continue to be the status quo. There are already institutions that ONLY get academic access via their NREN’s and get their commodity elsewhere (I can think of a Kenyan example for this). Again, this requires non-LIR space.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>So, from the perspective of someone who has actually worked in the NREN environment, I have to disagree with you on these points.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Andrew<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Walubengo J [mailto:jwalu@yahoo.com] <br><b>Sent:</b> Saturday, February 09, 2013 9:35 PM<br><b>To:</b> Owen DeLong<br><b>Cc:</b> Andrew Alston; sm+afrinic@elandsys.com; rpd@afrinic.net<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [AFRINIC-rpd] IPv4 Address Allocation and Assignment proposal<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Hi Owen,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Been planing to get back to you on one point. That the KENET, TENET or the NRENs (National Research and Education Networks) model does NOT stop individual universities from from applying for IP resources. However, there are very strong (financial) and other incentives for doing so through the NRENs (I believe around 50% rebate for IP resources).<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Further International bandwidth is still expensive in Africa, so most universities would benefit from the economies of scale by pooling together their bandwidth requirements and purchasing the same in bulk from international markets. So once you have pooled together on the bandwidth level, it does not hurt to do the same with IP requests.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>walu.<o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><div><div><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><hr size=1 width="100%" align=center></span></div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> Owen DeLong <<a href="mailto:owen@delong.com">owen@delong.com</a>><br><b>To:</b> Walubengo J <<a href="mailto:jwalu@yahoo.com">jwalu@yahoo.com</a>> <br><b>Cc:</b> Andrew Alston <<a href="mailto:aa@alstonnetworks.net">aa@alstonnetworks.net</a>>; "<a href="mailto:sm+afrinic@elandsys.com">sm+afrinic@elandsys.com</a>" <<a href="mailto:sm+afrinic@elandsys.com">sm+afrinic@elandsys.com</a>>; "<a href="mailto:rpd@afrinic.net">rpd@afrinic.net</a>" <<a href="mailto:rpd@afrinic.net">rpd@afrinic.net</a>> <br><b>Sent:</b> Friday, February 8, 2013 10:29 AM<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [AFRINIC-rpd] IPv4 Address Allocation and Assignment proposal</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div id=yiv620338395><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Feb 7, 2013, at 22:50 , Walubengo J <<a href="mailto:jwalu@yahoo.com" target="_blank">jwalu@yahoo.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>@Andrew/SM<br><br>As one of the board members, I can assure that I do read widely the posts on this rpd list. And as you rightly hint, I try hard not to be too liberal with my views. I believe Board members must ride the delicate path of not being seen as too pre-emptive, biased or exerting undue pressure on the direction the discussions should go. But since you have drawn me out of the woodwork, I cannot resist to share my views on this Policy - particularly because of my affiliation with Academia.<o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>And straight to the point of ratios. Whether it is 1:1, 1:3, 1:5 /etc IPs per student/user in a University - this is largely applicable in SA, or middle-income type of economies where No. of students is closely correlated with the expected No. of PCs/Laptops/IPad/etc. In sub-saharan africa, I can tell you that the link between No. of students and No. of PCs is largely non-existant (though it may slightly exist in private universities - again where income levels of student communities are higher).<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal>Yes, but, Walu, do you consider that situation desirable, or would you like to see it evolve to be more like you describe SA?<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Is there significant harm in making the addressing available in advance to facilitate that evolution?<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>I work in a public university (which in most sub-saharan countries) would take over 80% of the total University Student enrollments in a given country. I can tell you for sure that the the No. of PCs in a Public University in a Sub-saharan economy has more to do with the ICT Investment ratios rather than student numbers. In other words what % of the University budget is going into ICT development per year - which translates better to the No. of Labs, IP Devices expected. Perhaps you may want to review your policy in this light.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal>This is the kind of thinking that I was referring to when I mentioned to Nii that I don't see the point in using equipment poverty as a reason to preserve address poverty. I agree that both issues need to be addressed. AfriNIC cannot solve the equipment issue, at least not completely or directly, but can solve the address issue. Further, I don't believe this policy would force a university to apply under the ratio criteria. Universities that wanted to could still apply under the existing policy and get less space if they had some reason and desire to do so.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Another point regards the fact that in recent years, Higher Educational Institutions have the trend of acquiring IPs through their Educational Networks e.g. TENET in SA, KENET in Kenya, etc. This trend is being picked up in West Africa and other parts of Africa (e.g.Madagascar). And So in future, less and and less individual universities may be applying directly to AfriNIC for space. This should however not stop the policy - since the same policy would still be useful in informing the Educational Networks on how to approximate IP resource capacities in order to subsequently request from AfriNIC.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal>IMHO, that's an unfortunate trend that probably indicates that getting space from AfriNIC directly either is, or is perceived to be more difficult than it should be.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Finally, with the continued use of NAT - African Universities tend to have a bigger problem of announcing their allocated space than perhaps the problem of getting them from AfriNIC :-). I believe there is a policy requirement that one should announce a % of their IP space within a given time frame but not sure if this is monitored and/or if there are examples of consequences for not doing this.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal>IMHO, we should discourage the use of NAT in universities where feasible. NAT is contrary to good security practices and contrary to the principles of a free and open internet.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>On other matters that have been discussed:<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>*Policy vs Operational Issues: I agree we need to be careful not to use an IP resource policy to address Operational Issues. If AfrinIC staff and management are taking too long on processing IP resource request, there should be channels to address this e.g. by ensuring AfriNIC reviews or publishes its Service Charter/SLA committement to its membership.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal>Agreed. I think this policy proposal is intended to resolve a policy issue where AfriNIC staff in its strict application of current policy is making university assignments and allocations unnecessarily difficult. I don't think it is intended to directly address timeliness or other operational concerns. Admittedly, a simplified streamlined policy for allocations and assignments is likely to result in an improvement in response times, but I don't think that is a primary intent of the policy so much as a beneficial second order effect.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>*Inter RIR IPv4 Transfers:<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>I did agree with the message that hording IPv4 space in the face of emerging IPv6 space is like holding onto a losing stock. A time is fast approaching when Africa will be boasting of having millions of IPv4 space that is not useful to anyone. But this reality should trigger us to come up with strategies of increasing usage as opposed to strategies of "selling" or liquidating the stock.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal>I think this policy is intended to create increased usage and more effective distribution to entities that should be using the addresses (even if they lack the financial resources to take full advantage at the moment).<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Owen<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div></div></div></body></html>