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<p>Dear Arnaud and all,</p>
The Board will make some clarifications shortly.<br>
<br>
Thanks and Regards ...<br>
<br>
Sunday Folayan.<br>
Board Chair.<br>
<br>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 13/04/2017 13:26, Arnaud AMELINA
wrote:<br>
</div>
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cite="mid:CAGDMR_dOh=uz_L9xv_MOpqRAqyo6+h95PX84c7fGzqiHXtdLVg@mail.gmail.com"
type="cite">
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<div>
<div><b>English :</b> <br>
<br>
<span
id="gmail-m_-7941744395602423035gmail-m_6790597793664735875gmail-result_box"
class="gmail-m_-7941744395602423035gmail-m_6790597793664735875gmail-"
lang="en"><span
class="gmail-m_-7941744395602423035gmail-m_6790597793664735875gmail-">Dear
member of the community, What is the aim of the authors
and the initiators of this Article ???</span><br>
<span
class="gmail-m_-7941744395602423035gmail-m_6790597793664735875gmail-"><br>
Do they have the right to share a process that has not
yet been adopted externally, still coming from a member
of the Board of Afrinic, is unacceptable, is there no
longer any limit</span> <span
class="gmail-m_-7941744395602423035gmail-m_6790597793664735875gmail-">In
AFRINIC, that the different leaders take their
respononsibilities and remind to the order the indelices</span><br>
<br>
<span
class="gmail-m_-7941744395602423035gmail-m_6790597793664735875gmail-">The
name AFRINIC has been engaged in this article, even
though the subject in question has not yet ratified by
the community of AFRINIC or the BOARD.</span></span></div>
<div><br>
<br>
<b>French :</b> <br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/"
id="gmail-m_6790597793664735875gmail-logo" target="_blank">Chers
membre de la communauté, Quel est le but visé par les
auteurs et les initiateurs de cet Article ??? </a><br>
</div>
Ont-il le droit de faire part d'un processus non encore adopté
à l'extérieur, venant encore de la part d'un membre du Board
d'Afrinic c'est innacceptable, n'y a-t-il plus de limite à
AFRINIC, que les différents responsables prennent leurs
respponsabilités et rappellent à l'odre les indélicats. <br>
<br>
</div>
Le nom d'AFRINIC a été engagé dans cet article alors même que le
sujet en question ne soit ratifié par la communauté d'AFRINIC ou
par le BOARD. <br>
<br>
<br>
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<h4>Networks</h4>
</a> </div>
<div class="gmail-m_6790597793664735875gmail-article_head">
<h1>No more IP addresses for countries that shut down
internet access</h1>
<h2>Afrinic considers punitive policy for errant
governments</h2>
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<div class="gmail-m_6790597793664735875gmail-byline"> <span
class="gmail-m_6790597793664735875gmail-dateline"> 12
Apr 2017 at 19:54, </span> <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/Author/2886"
title="Read more by this author"
class="gmail-m_6790597793664735875gmail-alt_colour
gmail-m_6790597793664735875gmail-dcl" target="_blank">Kieren
McCarthy</a> </div>
</div>
<div id="gmail-m_6790597793664735875gmail-body">
<p>Governments that cut off internet access to their
citizens could find themselves refused new IP addresses
under a proposal put forward by one of the five global
IP allocation organizations.</p>
<p>The <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.afrinic.net/en/community/policy-development/policy-proposals/2061-anti-shutdown-01"
target="_blank">suggested clampdown</a> will be
considered at the next meeting of internet registry
Afrinic in Botswana in June: Afrinic is in charge of
managing and allocating IP address blocks across Africa.</p>
<p>Under the proposal, a new section would be added to
Afrinic's official rules that would allow the
organization to refuse to hand over any new IP address
to a country for 12 months if it is found to have
ordered an internet shutdown.</p>
<p>The ban would cover all government-owned entities and
others that have a "direct provable relationship with
said government." It would also cover any transfer of
address space to those entities from others.</p>
<p>That withdrawal of services would escalate if the
country continued to pull the plug on internet access.
Under the proposal: "In the event of a government
performing three or more such shutdowns in a period of
10 years – all resources to the aforementioned entities
shall be revoked and no allocations to said entities
shall occur for a period of 5 years."</p>
<p>The proposal was sparked by a recent increase in the
number of complete nationwide shutdowns of internet
service – something that has been a cause of increasing
concern and ire within the internet infrastructure
community.</p>
<h3>The start</h3>
<p>The trend started during the Egyptian revolution back
in 2011 when authorities killed the entire's country <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/02/01/egypt_last_net_lost/"
target="_blank">web access</a> prior to a big protest
march. Employees of ISPs and mobile phone companies
reported troops turning up at their homes and pointing
guns at their families in order to enforce the shutdown.</p>
<p>Until then, many governments had assumed it was largely
impossible to turn off internet access to their entire
nation. Soon after, government departments educated
themselves about AS numbers and internet routing and
started using their power to set up systems that would
allow them to order the shutdown of all networks from a
central point.</p>
<p>While some countries only used this ability in the more
dire circumstances – riots or terrorist attacks –
shutdowns quickly started being used preemptively and
for political reasons.</p>
<p>Bangladesh <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/11/18/bangladesh_shuts_down_its_internet_for_an_hour/"
target="_blank">switched off</a> its entire country's
net connectivity prior to the sentencing of former
government leaders for war crimes. Then Iraq started
shutting down the entire country for several hours at a
time in order to <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/05/17/iraq_shuts_down_internet_to_prevent_exam_cheating/"
target="_blank">prevent exam cheating</a>.</p>
<p>While these were enormously frustrating, the shutdown
typically lasted only a few hours. But then Cameroon
decided to cut off the internet for weeks – and targeted
specific communities. The country's southwest and
northwest provinces were taken offline following violent
protests: a decision that had a hugely damaging impact
on its "Silicon Mountain" startup zone, and also took
down its banks and ATMs.</p>
<p>In India, the number and frequency of internet
shutdowns has sparked a new <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://internetshutdowns.in/" target="_blank">protest
movement and website</a> that tracks them.</p>
<p>The situation has grown so dire that the United Nations
got involved and <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/07/01/un_officially_condemns_internet_shutdowns/"
target="_blank">officially condemned</a> the practice
at a meeting of the Human Rights Council back in July.
Despite opposition from a number of countries –
including China, Russia, India and Kenya – a resolution
passed forbidding mass web blockades.</p>
<h3>Plan</h3>
<p>The reality, however, is that there is nothing to
prevent governments from shutting down the internet and
very little anyone can do in the face of a determined
push from the authorities.</p>
<p>But now the techies are fighting back. The Afrinic
proposal has been put forward by the CTO and the Head of
IP strategy for Liquid Telecommunications – a large
pan-African ISP – as well as the CEO of Kenya's main ISP
Association. As such it is a proposal that many are
taking seriously.</p>
<p>"While the authors of this policy acknowledge that what
is proposed is draconian in nature, we feel that the
time has come for action to be taken, rather than just
bland statements that have shown to have little or no
effect," they wrote, noting that "over the last few
years we have seen more and more governments shutting
down the free and open access to the internet in order
to push political and other agendas."</p>
<p>Whether governments like it or not, they are reliant on
the provision of IP address to expand their networks and
digital economy, and Afrinic is the only organization
that can realistically provide them. If the policy does
get passed, it would almost certainly act as a strong
deterrent for government ministers to shutting down
internet access.</p>
<p>But there are a wealth of problems with the idea, not
least of which would be the determination of what
represents an internet shutdown. The authors put forward
a suggested definition:</p>
<blockquote>An internet shutdown is deemed to have
occurred when it can be proved that there was an
attempt, failed or successful, to restrict access to the
internet to a segment of the population irrespective of
the provider or access medium that they utilize.</blockquote>
<p>That wording is likely to be very heavily scrutinized.
And it would require someone or group to make a
determination that it has happened – which would likely
become a politically charged decision. And none of that
considers the fact that national leaders are unlikely to
accept punitive terms being placed against them by a
third party.</p>
<p>In short, it is a huge political headache. But it may
also be one that only the internet community is capable
to taking on and winning. The next few months will see
whether the 'net community in Africa is willing to take
on the challenge for the greater good. ®</p>
<p class="gmail-m_6790597793664735875gmail-wptl
gmail-m_6790597793664735875gmail-btm"> <span>Sponsored:
</span> <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://go.theregister.com/tl/1700/shttp://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/clk?id=116303739&iu=/6978"
target="_blank">Continuous lifecycle London 2017
event. DevOps, continuous delivery and
containerisation. Register now</a> </p>
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