Hi<div>I totally agree on that. Good progress!</div><div>Then some of us will volunteer our talents and time to analyse the information and come up with a Report.</div><div>Kind regards</div><div>Yassin<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">
On 30 May 2013 08:47, Poncelet Ileleji <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:pileleji@ymca.gm" target="_blank">pileleji@ymca.gm</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div dir="ltr"><div><div><div>Hello Nnenna,<br><br></div>Morning I totally concur with your suggestions, the wiki set up, is a start and I personally think we should add "Stakeholders Institutions / Organisations" to the list you recommended for the wiki.<br>
<br></div>Thank you<br><br></div>Poncelet<br></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On 30 May 2013 07:55, Nnenna Nwakanma <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:nnenna75@gmail.com" target="_blank">nnenna75@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div>Hi people: <br><br></div>Here is my thinking:<br><br><ol><li>Set up the wiki - I have copied Seun and Judy from FOSSFA end (AfrICANN can also do this)<br>
</li><li>On the wiki, have the following pages:</li>
</ol><ul><li>Resources - documents, links to documents</li><li>Key initiatives - what has happened, what is happening, what is upcoming</li><li>Issues</li><li>Action points</li><li>People?</li></ul><p>Just initial thought<br>
</p><p><br></p><p>All for now</p><p><br></p></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div><div class="h5"><div><div>On Wed, May 29, 2013 at 10:43 PM, Mawaki Chango <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:kichango@gmail.com" target="_blank">kichango@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br>
</div></div></div></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div><div class="h5"><div><div><div dir="ltr"><div>This is getting more and more interesting! I'm available to participate in the design team, and inviting other people to join in. I propose anybody who volunteers to join a team should make the effort to formulate (for themselves) a clear idea about how they can contribute. This is not the place for endless debates and blah blah blah; must be focused and result oriented. As a consequence, our notion of the output at every level must be clear. Please, everybody, share any information and materials that might help us formulate or break down the design process and result. Anyone with handy experience who would like to guide us is much welcome!</div>
<span><font color="#888888">
<div> </div><div>mc</div></font></span></div><div><div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, May 29, 2013 at 9:22 PM, Ken Lohento <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:lohento@oridev.org" target="_blank">lohento@oridev.org</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Hi all<br>
<br>
I hope something concrete will come out of this. That would be great. As far as I'm concerned, I'm ready to devote some time, from time to time, to contribute to the design and implementation of the the sort of crowdsourced space on ICT policy issues.<br>
<br>
Ken Lohento<br>
<br>
Le 29/05/2013 22:44, Adiel Akplogan a écrit :<div><div><br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;padding-left:1ex;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid">
You are funny Ben! over to us :)? Well in term of research, data analysis and linking research to grassroots projects, AFRINIC is trying through its FIRE program (<a href="http://www.fireafrica.org" target="_blank">http://www.fireafrica.org</a>). I believe that an initiative that can effectively help in telling success stories will qualify for funding under such Fund. But definitely we need to start telling our own success stories. It is about mindset and education ... positioning ourselves as players and not beggers.<br>
<br>
Now leaving the path of big data research and coming back to one of the simple suggestion of have a repository to collect information about the community participation and contribution to various ICT Public Policy debate:<br>
<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;padding-left:1ex;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid">
---<br>
1. Which African countries contribted content to a giving meeting<br>
2. In which areas/domains were African countries working/interested in<br>
3. Which Countries had delegations and from which sector<br>
4. What commissions/committees of the policy rounds did they chair/work on<br>
5. What Ministers were present? What panels did they feature on? What content did they contribute?<br>
6. What engagements, what plans, what future..<br>
All of that in the framework of global Internet/ICT Policy<br>
----<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
Certainly this may be refined to few keys and pertinent data but talking for AFRNIC I can for sure commit part (or all) the infrastructure needed to host such a simple repository. Someone (or a group of people) need to design the framework, and someone else (or a group) implement it. If the task is properly distributed and everyone commit to contribute in a systematic way to the content we can do it. This will be a kind of ICT policy trend crowd sourcing platform for the region (or an Internet/ICT Policy observatory (the EU has just decided to launch one few weeks ago). Well I don't know I'm just trowing ideas and it is late here … I need some sleep.<br>
<br>
- a.<br>
<br>
On 2013-05-29, at 22:36 PM, Ben Akoh <<a href="mailto:me@benakoh.com" target="_blank">me@benakoh.com</a>> wrote:<br>
<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;padding-left:1ex;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid">
Healthy dialogue Mawaki,<br>
<br>
Perhaps Adiele and others can chime in with the necessary support.<br>
<br>
Over to them...<br>
<br>
Ben<br>
<br>
On 5/29/13 11:56 AM, Mawaki Chango wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;padding-left:1ex;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid">
Hi Ben,<br>
Thanks for such a thoughtful response! In the light of your vibrant case<br>
for such, I hope I didn't convey the impression that I was dismissing<br>
donor-funded and commissioned research/studies/reports as part of their<br>
programs. They are of course useful since they are supposed to reach<br>
specific objectives and programmatic goals, which generally consist in<br>
helping bring about improvements on some issues or in some areas.<br>
My main point for making the distinction between both research avenues<br>
was to say we (both public and policy-makers, at least) cannot<br>
fundamentally change our rapport to research in the sense you are<br>
advocating for if we do not commit to research. And the indicator<br>
showing that we are seriously committed to research is not to be<br>
found in the number of studies or reports that may be commissioned by<br>
foreign/international donors (the recommendations of which, as you<br>
deplore, are rarely translated into actions by policy-makers), but in<br>
the ways we support our local/national/regional research institutions<br>
and tap into them for, and associate them as much as possible with, our<br>
various activities for social, economical and political change which may<br>
gain from research. And the day such level of sustainable support will<br>
manifest, you'll see that (well, that's my speculation but I think it's<br>
a sound one ;)) even recommendations from donor-sponsored studies will<br>
also be given more attention and they will be more readiness to<br>
translate them into actions. Because, as I think we agree, it is a<br>
cultural thing in addition to being a resource challenge.<br>
I might add some of the donors actually commissioned their studies<br>
through local/national academic institutions keeping institutional<br>
capacity-building as one of their objectives (I'm very much aware of<br>
this since that was what I did with the project 'Scan-ICT' at IDRC.) On<br>
the other hand you and I know very well that development projects are<br>
not always followed with a robust evaluation and they chronically suffer<br>
from lack of sustainability. I believe healthier academic research<br>
institutions will help foster the spirit of taking into account any<br>
research outcomes, and consequently, increase the potential impact of<br>
the research-based work done by development actors. So while I put my<br>
emphasis on research institutions, particularly academic research, I did<br>
not mean to be exclusive but cumulative in order to power the change<br>
we're all seeking.<br>
<br>
I would add finally, that African based institutions with funding<br>
should step up to the plate and provide the necessary supports that<br>
creates a space for African research on internet and digital futures.<br>
<br>
With the clarification I've provided above, I think it's safe to say<br>
we're in violent agreement not only on the point above but all the<br>
preceding ones you made.<br>
<br>
Apart from Research ICT in Africa, and other open access journals,<br>
few or none else provides any support for the telling of success<br>
stories of African ICT grassroots initiatives. Perhaps you can<br>
initiate an African Journal for this sort of research, Mawaki, my<br>
friend. I, and I am sure, a few others would gladly provide articles.<br>
<br>
I'm just getting back in the blocks, my dear... I mean the starting<br>
blocks, scrutinizing the horizon and gauging the challenge ahead ;)<br>
Well, let me just say for now, we will all need each other to make<br>
change happen in these matters of concern to us all.<br>
Best,<br>
Mawaki<br>
<br>
On Wed, May 29, 2013 at 3:26 PM, Ben Akoh <<a href="mailto:me@benakoh.com" target="_blank">me@benakoh.com</a><br>
<mailto:<a href="mailto:me@benakoh.com" target="_blank">me@benakoh.com</a>>> wrote:<br>
<br>
Hi Mawaki,<br>
<br>
<br>
On 5/28/13 3:33 PM, Mawaki Chango wrote:<br>
<br>
Ben, and all:<br>
Could you please provide a link to the web page of the organization<br>
you're referring to? There are many pages that respond to the name<br>
"Research in Africa" a link would help disambiguate the search<br>
results.<br>
<br>
<br>
Research ICT in Africa does not only provide primary data, but<br>
analysis of primary data. See<br>
<a href="http://www.researchictafrica." target="_blank">http://www.researchictafrica.</a>_<u></u>_net/data.php<br>
<<a href="http://www.researchictafrica.net/data.php" target="_blank">http://www.researchictafrica.<u></u>net/data.php</a>>. Data is also available<br>
at the world bank and ITU data sites. Few Project based and Program<br>
funded research exists on the sites of the institution you work for<br>
- APC, and as are the regional policy institutes such as CIPACO and<br>
CIPESA. As it concerns internet governance, substantial amount of<br>
research data exists on Afrinic sites. I have conducted a few<br>
research available on <a href="http://www.iisd.org" target="_blank">www.iisd.org</a> <<a href="http://www.iisd.org" target="_blank">http://www.iisd.org</a>>. Ken<br>
Lohento does substantial amount of work on ICTs and Agriculture. And<br>
there are numerous others sites to mention with research work of may<br>
Africans local and in the Diaspora (rigorous search would help). Not<br>
to mention reports that have been written for publications in<br>
Academic journals, some of which you have written but may never be<br>
available to us in Africa. The kind of reports that Nnenna mentions<br>
may be possible if a blogger takes this as his/her task to report on<br>
such global international arrangements. But not all bloggers have<br>
the luxury of physically attending these events. Perhaps those that<br>
do could capture the data and make them available to researchers<br>
like you and I for "proper" presentation to a wider audience.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Clearly we agree on the root of the problem being in the mindset<br>
you're<br>
describing rather than the simple lack of data (after all that very<br>
mindset might well be one of the causal factors why data may be<br>
lacking<br>
on some issues.).<br>
<br>
<br>
Agreed. Still speculative though but generally a fair assumption to<br>
begin from.<br>
<br>
<br>
Having said that, we need to go beyond publishing reports<br>
commissioned<br>
by international/external donors as part of their programs/projects.<br>
<br>
<br>
There is nothing wrong with commissioning reports as a part of a<br>
program/project or as I would put it, a strategic focus. It is<br>
besides the point if a program's strategic focus, be it local or<br>
international, is commissioned by a donor. What is most important is<br>
that it generates useful data and analysis of data, it is conducted<br>
in a rigorous, systematic and empirical manner, that bias and other<br>
factors are declared and stated, and that the report recognizes the<br>
nuances of the local context. You would agree that these are more<br>
important than a mere brush stroke painting of internationally<br>
funded programs or project.<br>
<br>
It<br>
<br>
seems to me the intended or natural audience for those reports are,<br>
or in any case their audience is most of the time limited<br>
to, policy-makers and other policy-driven actors.And unfortunately,<br>
<br>
unless another round of activities is funded to package the<br>
findings help launch advocacy or campaign efforts, etc. they are<br>
likely<br>
to die on the shelves or worse in the office drawers.<br>
<br>
<br>
In most cases (anecdotally) yes, but there remain very good projects<br>
that have taken research outcomes to the grassroots in the form of,<br>
for instance, role plays and theaters, that change belief systems<br>
and attitudes about for instance, climate change and adaptation,<br>
finance, reproductive health, and rights. I have researched some of<br>
these in the past 3 to four years and have funded those sorts of<br>
projects in West Africa for about six years. Certainly, successful<br>
grassroots initiatives like Mpesa did not hit the ground without<br>
some research. The point is, policy makers are a part of a research<br>
audience, but the mechanisms are required by which such<br>
reports/researches can reach a wider audience base. The point about<br>
my earlier email is that there is first, a fundamental difference;<br>
and second, a gulf between the commissioning/dissemination of<br>
reports and the implementation of report recommendations. Linking<br>
those two is the "will" (or if you like, mechanism) that must be<br>
developed to transition from the one to the other. That is what we<br>
are missing. That gap needs to be bridged.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
While we should keep making those efforts and pushing<br>
policy-makers to<br>
embrace evidence-based policy making aided by those reports, it<br>
is in my<br>
view crucial to invest also in academic research on those issues<br>
--not<br>
just studies and reports, but sheer scholarly research.<br>
<br>
<br>
Agreed.<br>
<br>
<br>
Because there is<br>
<br>
a wider array of questions that academics are prepared to tackle and<br>
demonstrate the relevance thereof (as opposed to studies that are<br>
designed as part of, say, a charity or development<br>
organization-funded<br>
program).<br>
<br>
<br>
I wouldnt disregard these ll together (although some needs to be<br>
questioned). They provide useful sources of data from which academic<br>
research papers can be written. Not all researchers are ethnographic<br>
or willing to situate themselves in their research context for a<br>
long period of time. However, these reports seen through the eyes of<br>
the research participants help academics to provide research useful<br>
for academic debate and knowledge.<br>
<br>
There are two points here, that I would like to conclude with:<br>
1. Producing critical, empirical, rigorous, systematic research<br>
useful for contributing to knowledge and for academic debate.<br>
Research of this form have a place in our African societies and<br>
context. The capacities for these need to be created. These include:<br>
developing the human research capacity; creating the necessary<br>
research departments and faculties in academic institutions;<br>
commissioning and providing the necessary funding for such research<br>
by African governments, private sectors, economic commissions, and<br>
institution communities (i.e. Afrinic); and creating a space for<br>
wider policy debate of research in our countries and regions.<br>
<br>
2. Linking research to grassroots development. I mentioned in my<br>
previous email that research should not just be for the sake of it,<br>
but that it should make meaning in the lives of people. We should be<br>
able to say that, "this policy or government program was influenced<br>
by this or that research". I can however, not substantially assert<br>
that policy makers and governments can say so. These mechanisms<br>
need to be developed and systematized within the African governance<br>
structures.<br>
<br>
I would add finally, that African based institutions with funding<br>
should step up to the plate and provide the necessary supports that<br>
creates a space for African research on internet and digital<br>
futures. Apart from Research ICT in Africa, and other open access<br>
journals, few or none else provides any support for the telling of<br>
success stories of African ICT grassroots initiatives. Perhaps you<br>
can initiate an African Journal for this sort of research, Mawaki,<br>
my friend. I, and I am sure, a few others would gladly provide articles.<br>
<br>
<br>
Best,<br>
Ben<br>
<br>
<br>
Because research leads to an orderly accumulation of<br>
<br>
knowledge, and research generates more research. Students and<br>
peers read<br>
the outcomes and seek to critique it and to add their<br>
contribution (and<br>
this ripple effect doesn't require that much additional<br>
funding.) And<br>
because once research findings are recognized as valid by the<br>
community<br>
of peers, it is more likely that they will raise questions<br>
wherever they<br>
apply, eg, to policy-makers, and sparkle debates, which can in turn<br>
drive the public attention, etc.<br>
So this is my impassioned call ;) for all practitioners and all<br>
those<br>
already in this field to make particular efforts to associate<br>
researchers, particularly social science researchers (and further<br>
particularly the younger ones who might be interested in new<br>
areas to<br>
specialize in), to your relevant activities and proceedings. We<br>
could<br>
wait for them to come to us but we are the ones closer to the<br>
field, so<br>
we can afford to be more proactive and reach out to them knowing<br>
that to<br>
date there's no subject area labeled internet governance in<br>
university<br>
curricula.<br>
Mawaki<br>
<br>
<br>
On Tue, May 28, 2013 at 12:28 PM, Ben Akoh <<a href="mailto:me@benakoh.com" target="_blank">me@benakoh.com</a><br>
<mailto:<a href="mailto:me@benakoh.com" target="_blank">me@benakoh.com</a>><br>
<mailto:<a href="mailto:me@benakoh.com" target="_blank">me@benakoh.com</a> <mailto:<a href="mailto:me@benakoh.com" target="_blank">me@benakoh.com</a>>>> wrote:<br>
<br>
Some organizations, eg Research in Africa are producing<br>
reports from<br>
primary data (because of the challenges of accessing both<br>
primary<br>
and secondary data) such as mawaki describes. A substantial<br>
amount<br>
of data and analysis of data already exists, although more<br>
needs to<br>
be done. However, the fundamental question pertains to a<br>
mindset<br>
that fails to read these reports or to associate research<br>
findings<br>
with policy action. It shouldn't be a report just for the<br>
sake of it!<br>
<br>
Sent from my iPhone<br>
<br>
On 2013-05-28, at 6:27 AM, Dandjinou Pierre<br>
<<a href="mailto:pdandjinou@gmail.com" target="_blank">pdandjinou@gmail.com</a> <mailto:<a href="mailto:pdandjinou@gmail.com" target="_blank">pdandjinou@gmail.com</a>><br>
<mailto:<a href="mailto:pdandjinou@gmail.com" target="_blank">pdandjinou@gmail.com</a><br>
<mailto:<a href="mailto:pdandjinou@gmail.com" target="_blank">pdandjinou@gmail.com</a>>><u></u>> wrote:<br>
<br>
Mawaki,<br>
<br>
You said it all ! collecting the information and<br>
documenting those<br>
relevant events as the ones Nnenna alludes to should be<br>
the focus.<br>
But this calls for resources (human and financial<br>
resources). The<br>
way some parts of the world do this is through regional<br>
organizations such as the European commission who<br>
commissioned<br>
(!!) appropriate studies and white papers.<br>
<br>
Our challenge here is how to get the Africa Union<br>
commission and<br>
other RECs interested.<br>
<br>
Pierre<br>
<br>
<br>
On Tue, May 28, 2013 at 12:42 PM, Mawaki Chango<br>
<<a href="mailto:kichango@gmail.com" target="_blank">kichango@gmail.com</a> <mailto:<a href="mailto:kichango@gmail.com" target="_blank">kichango@gmail.com</a>><br>
<mailto:<a href="mailto:kichango@gmail.com" target="_blank">kichango@gmail.com</a> <mailto:<a href="mailto:kichango@gmail.com" target="_blank">kichango@gmail.com</a>>>> wrote:<br>
<br>
All,<br>
There is a lot to be done in Africa. So one might<br>
think it<br>
is even more crucial here to bring in all segments of<br>
the society which can help improve our<br>
understanding and<br>
practice. I totally agree that academia should be<br>
invited in<br>
what we do at all levels. It doesn't matter how<br>
much you slice<br>
this, you can't avoid education, training, research<br>
without a<br>
serious loss. As recently as last year I was doing<br>
a survey in<br>
an African country and one of my respondents<br>
working in a<br>
public research agency told me once she asked to<br>
consult a<br>
document (which was not a government classified<br>
document but<br>
has to do with some development issues in one sector of<br>
activity) at another government agency, then after<br>
asking what<br>
exactly she was looking for her colleague opened the<br>
corresponding pages for her to make note of, while<br>
concealing<br>
the non-related contents. That's the mindset we're up<br>
against. In many places, it is the very notion of<br>
collecting<br>
information and making it easy to retrieve later on<br>
which is<br>
lacking. Believe it or not, in some countries<br>
ICT-related<br>
policy documents are said to exist but cannot be<br>
easily found<br>
by the public. For the medium and long-term there<br>
is a need to<br>
educate and train information specialists,<br>
librarians, people<br>
who are prepared to identify relevant data gathering<br>
opportunities and sources and people who are<br>
prepared to<br>
systematically gather and curate information, index<br>
it and<br>
make it easy to find and retrieve at any point in<br>
the future.<br>
This can only help all researchers, academic or<br>
practitioners,<br>
to do their job better as well as decision-makers,<br>
for that<br>
matter.<br>
In any case, and particularly for the short term,<br>
the best we<br>
can do is to gather raw data whenever possible, I<br>
agree with<br>
Nnenna on that (Reports are just a means to build<br>
reference<br>
repositories for such data and there may be other<br>
ways). The<br>
most important (and urgent) is to make sure the<br>
data (as per<br>
the data points she just indicated) is available<br>
somewhere for<br>
the public to access. Otherwise, how is one to<br>
debate cogently<br>
about the geopolitics of the Internet in Africa without<br>
knowing which African countries were there during<br>
relevant<br>
proceedings, which ones contributed language, what<br>
their<br>
rationale was, what the different positions among<br>
African<br>
countries are and which ones took which positions<br>
and why,<br>
etc. A handful of people may be able to find out with a<br>
reasonable time investment but most people, who<br>
might use that<br>
information for useful things that we cannot even<br>
predict, won't be able to find it. Not to mention<br>
that the<br>
more aware the public, the greater the benefits of<br>
the debate.<br>
So yes, we need to demonstrate more awareness for the<br>
necessity to collect information and systematically<br>
document<br>
what we do and relevant events, to associate<br>
academia and<br>
other researchers and work with them in order to<br>
facilitate<br>
data collection and information retrieval for<br>
research and<br>
policy analysis as well as for decision-making,<br>
policy-making<br>
and public information.<br>
Best,<br>
Mawaki<br>
<br>
<br>
On Tue, May 28, 2013 at 9:40 AM, Nnenna Nwakanma<br>
<<a href="mailto:nnenna75@gmail.com" target="_blank">nnenna75@gmail.com</a> <mailto:<a href="mailto:nnenna75@gmail.com" target="_blank">nnenna75@gmail.com</a>><br>
<mailto:<a href="mailto:nnenna75@gmail.com" target="_blank">nnenna75@gmail.com</a> <mailto:<a href="mailto:nnenna75@gmail.com" target="_blank">nnenna75@gmail.com</a>>>> wrote:<br>
<br>
SM, all<br>
I am talking about an Africa report directly<br>
in relation<br>
to the:<br>
WCIT - World Conference on Information Technology<br>
WTPF - World Telecommunications and ICT Policy<br>
Forum<br>
WSIS+10 - World Summit of Information SOciety +<br>
10 meetings<br>
<br>
It is not about "what worked in a country" but<br>
rather the<br>
sum total of:<br>
<br>
1. Which African countries contribted content<br>
2. In which areas/domains were African countries<br>
working/interested in<br>
<br>
3. Which Countries had delegations<br>
4. What commissions/committees of the policy<br>
rounds did<br>
they chair/work on<br>
5. What Ministers were present? What panels<br>
did they<br>
<br>
feature on? What content did they contribute?<br>
6. What engagements, what plans, what future..<br>
<br>
<br>
All of that in the framework of global<br>
Internet/ICT Policy<br>
<br>
Best<br>
<br>
<br>
Nnenna<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
On Tue, May 28, 2013 at 8:28 AM, SM<br>
<<a href="mailto:sm@resistor.net" target="_blank">sm@resistor.net</a> <mailto:<a href="mailto:sm@resistor.net" target="_blank">sm@resistor.net</a>><br>
<mailto:<a href="mailto:sm@resistor.net" target="_blank">sm@resistor.net</a><br>
<mailto:<a href="mailto:sm@resistor.net" target="_blank">sm@resistor.net</a>>>> wrote:<br>
<br>
Hi Nnenna,<br>
At 00:04 28-05-2013, Nnenna Nwakanma wrote:<br>
<br>
I honestly do believe that if we have<br>
an "Africa<br>
report" after each of these meetings,<br>
such will<br>
come in handy when we are planning for<br>
the future.<br>
<br>
<br>
Replicating what worked in Country X does<br>
not work<br>
well. The quality of reports are in my opinion<br>
relatively low. That might be due to research<br>
constraints. The reader would expect an<br>
Africa report<br>
to include as many countries as possible.<br>
Reports<br>
generally cover a few countries as case<br>
studies and<br>
are extrapolated from there.<br>
<br>
There isn't a breath of expertise as input;<br>
either the<br>
expertise is not there, or it is untapped,<br>
or there is<br>
lack of interest.<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
-sm<br>
<br>
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