<h1>Africa and TV White Spaces: The ghosts in the machine could provide additional spectrum at low cost</h1>
                <h2><a href="http://www.starafrica.com/en/news/detail-news/view/africa-and-tv-white-spaces-the-ghosts-i-195178.html">http://www.starafrica.com/en/news/detail-news/view/africa-and-tv-white-spaces-the-ghosts-i-195178.html</a></h2>
<h2>This week saw a workshop on TV White Spaces sponsored by APC, the Open Spectrum Alliance of South...</h2>
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This week saw a workshop on TV White Spaces sponsored by APC,
the Open Spectrum Alliance of South Africa, the Wireless Access
Providers Association in South Africa and Google Africa take place in
Johannesburg. White spaces technology promises what one regulatory
contributor dubbed the nirvana of more efficient spectrum use and the
possibility of significantly lower costs to deliver it to the customer.
Russell Southwood seeks to explain what TV White Spaces are and how they
can be used to deliver wider wireless access.<br><br>As Steve Song,
CEO, The Village Telco explained it, TV White Spaces exist because in
the old days analog television transmitters needed to “shout” because
TV’s were less good at picking up the signal. As a result, unused “guard
bands” were created between transmission channels to ensure that there
was no signal interference between different broadcasts.<br><br>Until
recently, spectrum had a finite capacity and like any finite resource,
this both tended to both drive the price up and in many ways act against
active competition. With the new TV White Spaces technology, the
opportunity exists for additional spectrum to be bought into use and at
what one participant suggested might be as much as “one tenth of the
cost.”<br><br>Now whether it’s actually that figure remains to be proven
but Africa needs as many things that will lower local bandwidth
delivery to enable the widest use to create a critical mass of users.
And nowhere are these needs more pressing than in poorer urban and rural
areas.<br><br>In broad terms, there are two ways of delivering spectrum
use in the TV White Spaces. Either you use cognitive radio that senses
which radio bands are not in use and switches the signal when they start
being used again. Or there is a central geo-location database against
which the device checks for free spectrum. All of this is invisible to
the user and will not require special customer equipment but takes
advantage of the already considerable Wi-Fi user ecology. However, it
will require some investment from operators. These delivery mechanisms
are sometimes described as “Super Wi-Fi”.<br><br>The example
applications include: rural broadband, campus networks, cellular
offloading, home networks and Smart Grid Applications. From this menu,
Africa needs all the help it can get to deliver rural broadband and
operators are already needing help in offloading data traffic from their
congested networks.<br><br>The technology is at the testing rather than
roll-out stage. Cognitive radio has been tested in the USA and run into
extensive opposition from broadcasters. In the UK, the approach,
according to Professor H. Nwana (a Cameroonian by background) of Ofcom
is to start with Geo-Location databases but to open up to cognitive
radio when the technology is agreed. There are two pilots in the UK, one
in Cambridge (which Microsoft is involved in) and the other in
Scotland.<br><br>The latter is run on the Isle of Bute by Malcolm Brew
who used to run Bushnet in East Africa and was covered previously in
Balancing Act: Microsoft recently demonstrated the geo-location database
technology at the Internet Governance Forum in Nairobi and Paul
Mitchell from Microsoft who is involved in the pilot in Cambridge
presented at the workshop.<br><br>As Professor Nwana, Ofcom put it:”The
nirvana of dynamic spectrum regulation should be something all
regulators should aspire to..in order to drive up spectrum
efficiciency.” This is probably something the Ghanaian Minister Minister
of Communications Haruna Iddrisu and the regulator would say “amen” to
(see Telecom News below) as they struggle like many policy-makers with
unused spectrum issues.<br><br>Neil Ahlsten, Business Development
Manager – Sub-Saharan Africa, Google said it would be interested in
piloting the introduction of TV White Spaces technology, particularly in
South Africa. In the regulatory panel, with both current and former
representatives from Mozambique, South Africa, Nigeria and Kenya, all
those present spoke of being interested in running pilots.<br><br>As
Chair of that session, I pressed them to say who would be responsible
for then using the technology if it proved itself in the rural context:
the existing operators or new, local operators? Everyone on the panel
(which included the D-G of INCM, Americo Muchanga; Dumisana Ngwenya,
ICASA, Ernest Ndukwe, formerly of NCC, and Alice Munyua, formerly of
CCK) found it easy to envisage giving data licences.<br><br>But I
pressed them about voice as this was the current main need in uncovered
rural areas. There was some hesitation but there was some discussion
about creating an ecology of smaller operators who might interconnect
with larger players. Steve Song also told us that the Village Telco had
an American investor called Investor Development and that it would be
focusing sales of its Wi-Fi mesh device (the mesh potato) on small
operators like cyber-cafes.<br><br>Google is particularly interested in
lowering the current practical and market barriers to access and Ahlsten
described a pilot it is conducting with Wananchi in Kenya at The
Junction shopping mall branded Wazi. The aim is to create seamless,
cheap roaming Wi-Fi so that the user can access bandwidth without
needing to sign up to multiple providers. The hot-spot bandwidth can be
delivered by all ISPs and mobile operators with a Wi-Fi roaming exchange
that deals with the customer and wholesale billing.<br><br>The broader
backdrop for the discussion of using TV White Spaces is the digital
transition in broadcasting which promises to lead to a “digital
dividend.” But all too rarely do telcos and broadcasters sit in the same
room so telco people tend to assume that whatever dividend will be
generated will be their’s to do mobile broadband with. The broadcasting
licensing cycle until this point has been relatively infrequent so
African broadcasters have not yet got their heads around these issues.<br><br>The
majority of African countries have barely started on the transition
process and even South Africa – which likes to see itself as a leader in
these things – is already lagging badly behind its agreed timetable. So
the digital dividend is unlikely to be around the corner for most
countries until they start to pull their policy fingers out. The
broadcasters’ main fear is loss of spectrum opportunities: the new
digital compression offers multiple channels but there are few that have
thought through in business terms what they would do with them.<br><br>The
lack of dialogue is often exacerbated by regulatory “silos”. Sometimes
regulators are converged (covering both broadcast and telecoms) but
often telecoms regulators handle spectrum management whilst a separate
regulator issues broadcast licences. It is rare for broadcasters to sit
in the same room as telcos to discuss these issues and although there
were only a couple of broadcasters in the room at the workshop, this was
one of those rare occasions where it happened.
One of these broadcasters thought TV White Spaces was a “cool” idea but
was concerned to see the technical problems fully worked through.<br><br>Africa
already has a track-record for policy and regulatory innovation:
Celtel’s One Network roaming across borders; open access structures for
international, cross-border and national fibre; the Kenya open access
LTE consortium network; and last but not least, the light-touch
regulation that made a success of M-Pesa. This is another opportunity
for Africa to be at forefront of trialing a technology that innovates in
policy and regulatory terms. It can assist rural-roll-out; it can lower
the cost of local delivery; and provide a new route for data offset for
mobile operators. What’s not to like?
source: <a href="http://www.balancingact-africa.com">http://www.balancingact-africa.com</a>
                
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